Pearl Millet Descriptors 3.1 Country NOT AVAILABLE 3.2 Site NOT AVAILABLE 3.2.1 Latitude (See format under 2.7) 3.2.2 Longitude (See format under 2.8) 3.2.3 Elevation [m] NOT AVAILABLE 3.2.4 Name of farm or institute NOT AVAILABLE 3.3 Evaluator's name and address NOT AVAILABLE 3.4 Sowing date (in the format DDMMYYYY) 3.5 Harvest date (in the format DDMMYYYY) 3.6 Evaluation environment Environment in which characterization/preliminary evaluation was carried out 3.7 Percentage seed germination [%] NOT AVAILABLE 3.8 Percentage field establishment [%] NOT AVAILABLE 3.9 Number of days to 50% germination NOT AVAILABLE 3.10 Sowing site in field Give block, strip and/or row/plot numbers as applicable 3.11 Field spacing NOT AVAILABLE 3.11.1 Distance between plants in a row [cm] NOT AVAILABLE 3.11.2 Distance between rows [crn] NOT AVAILABLE 3.12 Soil texture NOT AVAILABLE 3.13 Soil taxonomic classification As detailed a classification as possible should be given. This may be taken from a soil survey map. State name (e.g. Alfisols, Spodosols, Fluvisols, etc.) 3.14 Watering NOT AVAILABLE 3.15 Soil pH Actual value of the soil in the root zone around the accession 3.16 Fertilizer (Specify name and dose) 3.17 Plant protection (Specify pesticides used and dose of each) 3.18 Climate (during growing season) 3.18.1 Temperature range [?] NOT AVAILABLE 3.18.2 Heat unit during crop season NOT AVAILABLE 3.18.3 Rainfall range [mm] NOT AVAILABLE 3.18.4 Sunshine hours NOT AVAILABLE 3.19 Notes Any other site-specific information 4.1 Vegetative From the ground level to the tip of the spike. At dough stage 4.1.1 Plant height [cm] From the ground level to the tip of the spike. At dough stage 4.1.2 Stem diameter [mm] Between the 3rd and 4th node from the top. At dough stage 4.1.3 Early vigour Recorded after thinning to avoid the effect of plant number. Scored 18 days after emergence 3-Low 5-Intermediate 7-High 4.1.4 Tillering attitude At head emergence 3-Erect 5-Intermediate 7-Spreading 4.1.5 Total number of tillers Total number of culms, including the main stem. At dough stage 4.1.6 Number of productive tillers Number of spikes which bear seed at dough stage. Spikes younger than the dough stage are not counted 4.1.7 Number of nodal tillers At dough stage 3-Few 5-Intermediate 7-Many 4.1.8 Plant aspect Overall agronomic desirability of accession. At dough stage 3-Poor 5-Intermediate 7-Good 4.1.9 Lodging susceptibility At dough stage 3-Low 5-Intermediate 7-High 4.1.10 Green fodder yield potential Consider tillering, leafiness and bulk. At flowering 3-Poor 5-Intermediate 7-Good 4.2 Inflorescence Between the 3rd and 4th node from the top. At dough stage 4.2.1 Spike shape At dough stage 1, - spike thickness more or less uniform throughout its length-Cylindrical 10-Other (specify in the descriptor NOTES, 4.5) 2 - spike thickness maximum at the base, gradually tapering toward the apex-Conical 3 - spike thickness maximum in the middle, gradually tapering toward both ends-Spindle 4 - maximum thickness of the spike at the apex, gradually tapering toward base-Club 5 - intermediate between cylindrical and conical. About 3/4 the length of the spike is cylindrical, gradually tapering toward the apex-Candle 6 - the characteristic spike of the Souna type from Mali. Maximum spike thickness is at the base, gradually tapering to 2/3 of the spike and then increasing slightly-Dumb-bell 7 - intermediate between spindle and conical. Maximum spike thickness is near the middle which tapers more toward apex than base-Lanceolate 8 - the opposite of lanceolate, maximum spike thickness is near the middle which tapers more toward the base-Oblanceolate 9- almost spherical, spike length not more than twice the diameter-Globose 4.2.2 Spikelet shattering/threshing At maturity 1-Spontaneous shattering 2-Shattering at touch 3-Non-shattering and free threshing 4-Non-shattering and difficult to thresh 4.2.3 Bristle length At dough stage 3-Short (bristles below the level of the apex of the seed) 5-Medium (bristle length between 0 and 2 cm above the seed) 7-Long (bristles longer than 2 cm above the seed) 4.2.4 Days to flowering Number of days from field emergence to when 50% of plants flower. Stigma emergence on the main spike is considered as flowering 4.2.5 Sensitivity to photoperiod In respect of flowering being influenced by length of day 3-Insensitive 5-Partly sensitive 7-Highly sensitive 4.2.6 Flowering range At flowering 1-Short (, continuous flowering, duration less than 7 days 2-Long (, continuous flowering, duration more than 7 days 3-Discontinuous flowering (, two or more groups flowering 4.2.7 Synchrony of ear maturity At maturity 3-Non-synchronous 5-Intermediate 7-Synchronous 4.2.8 Restoration response (Cytoplasmic male sterility A-l type) At harvest 1-Non-restoration (maintainer) 2-Partial restoration (all plants shed poor pollen) 3-Complete restoration 4-Segregating for restoration 4.2.9 Ear exsertion type Observed on the primary tiller. At dough stage 1-Negative exsertion 2-Positive exsertion 4.2.10 Ear exsertion distance [cml Observed on the primary tiller. Recorded as the distance between the ligule of the flag leaf and the base of the spike. At dough stageObserved on the primary tiller. Recorded as the distance between the ligule of the flag leaf and the base of the spike. At dough stage 4.3 Spike Recorded after thinning to avoid the effect of plant number. Scored 18 days after emergence 4.3.1 Spike length [cm] At dough stage 4.3.2 Spike thickness [mm] Maximum diameter of the spike, excluding bristles. At dough stage 4.3.3 Spike density At maturity 4.4 Seed At head emergence 4.4.1 Seed colour After threshing. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Ivory (yellow-white group 158A) 10-A mixture of white and grey grains (on the same spike) 2-Cream (orange-white group 159A) 3-Yellow (yellow group 8C) 4-Grey (grey group 201) 5-Deep grey (black group 202B) 6-Grey brown (brown group 199) 7-Brown (brown group 200) 8-Purple (purple group 79B) 9-Purplish black 4.4.2 Seed covering NOT AVAILABLE 1-Exposed 2-Intermediate 3-Enclosed 4.4.3 Seed shape NOT AVAILABLE 1-Obovate 2-Oblanceolate 3-Elliptical 4-Hexagonal 5-Globular 4.4.4 Seed weight per spike [g] At 12% moisture content 4.4.5 Seed weight [g] At 12% moisture content of 1000 seeds 4.4.6 Seed volume [cm3] Of 1000 seeds determined using alcohol 4.4.7 Endosperm texture NOT AVAILABLE 3-Mostly corneous 5-Partly corneous 7- Mostly starchy 4.4.8 Yellow endosperm NOT AVAILABLE 0-Absent 1-Present 4.4.9 Yield potential Consider spike number, size and density, seed number, and size compared with a standard control 3-Low 5-Intermediate 7-High 4.5 Notes Any additional information, especially in the category of 'other' under various descriptors above, may be specified here 5.1 Country (See instructions in COUNTRY OF COLLECTION, 2.4) 5.2 Site (Research institute) 5.2.1 Latitude NOT AVAILABLE 5.2.2 Longitude NOT AVAILABLE 5.2.3 Elevation [m] NOT AVAILABLE 5.2.4 Name of farm or institute NOT AVAILABLE 5.3 Evaluators name and address NOT AVAILABLE 5.4 Sowing date (in the format DDMMYYYY) 5.5 Harvest date (in the format DDMMYYYY) 5.6 Evaluation environment Environment in which further characterization and evaluation was carried out 5.7 Percentage seed germination [%] NOT AVAILABLE 5.8 Percentage held establishment [%] NOT AVAILABLE 5.9 Number of days to 50% emergence NOT AVAILABLE 5.10 Sowing site in field Give block, strip and/or row/plot numbers as applicable 5.11 Field spacing NOT AVAILABLE 5.11.1 Distance between plants in a row [cm] NOT AVAILABLE 5.11.2 Distance between rows [cm] NOT AVAILABLE 5.12 Soil texture NOT AVAILABLE 5.13 Soil taxonomic classification As detailed a classification as possible should be given. This may be taken from a soil. survey map. State name (e.g. Alfisols, Spodosols, Fluvisols, etc.) 5.14 Watering NOT AVAILABLE 5.15 Soil pH Actual value of the soil in the root zone around the accession 5.16 Fertilizer (Specify name and dose) 5.17 Plant protection (Specify pesticides used and dose of each) 5.18 Climate NOT AVAILABLE 5.18.1 Temperature range [?] NOT AVAILABLE 5.18.2 Heat unit during crop season NOT AVAILABLE 5.18.3 Rainfall range [mm] NOT AVAILABLE 5.18.4 Sunshine hours NOT AVAILABLE 5.19 Notes Any other site-specific information 6.1 Vegetative NOT AVAILABLE 6.1.1 Leaf length [cm] From ligule to tip of the leaf on the 4th node below the head on the main tiller. At head emergence 6.1.2 Leaf width [mm] At the widest point of the leaf on the 4th node of the main tiller. At head emergence 6.1.3 Leaf attitude At head emergence 3-Erect 5-Intermediate 7-Pendant 6.1.4 Leaf colour At head emergence. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Light green (yellow-green group 146A) 2-Green (yellow-green group 147A) 3-Dark green (green group 137A) 4-Yellow (yellow group 9B) 5-Red (greyed-red group 181 A) 6-Purple (purple group 79B) 7-Variegated 6.1.5 Sheath length [cm] From node to base of the ligule of the leaf on the 4th node below the head of the main stem. At head emergence 6.1.6 Sheath pigmentation At dough stage. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Green (yellow-green group 147A) 2-Red (greyed-red group 181 A) 3-Purple (purple group 79B) 4-Variegated 6.1.7 Blade pigmentation At dough stage. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Green (yellow-green group 147A) 2-Red (greyed-red group 181 A) 3-Purple (purple group 79B) 4-Variegated 6.1.8 Sheath pubescence At head emergence 3-Glabrous 5-Sparsely hairy 7-Densely hairy 6.1.9 Senescence At maturity 3-Slow 5-Intermediate 7-Fast 6.1.10 Separation [cm] Distance between two successive (3rd and 5th) leaf blades, ligule to ligule divided by two. At dough stage 6.1.11 Number of leaves On primary tiller. At dough stage 6.1.12 Stem internode length [cm] Distance between 3rd and 4th nodes. At harvest 6.1.13 Stalk juiciness At dough stage 0-Absent 1-Present 6.1.14 Juice duality At dough stage 3-Insipid 5-Intermediate 7-Sweet 6.1.15 Node pigmentation At dough stage 1-Green 2-Red 3-Purple 4-Brown 6.1.16 Internode pigmentation At dough stage 1-Green 2-Red 3-Purple 4-Brown 5-White 6.1.17 Node pubescence At flowering 0-Absent 1-Present 6.1.18 Internode pubescence At flowering 0-Absent 1-Present 6.2 Inflorescence NOT AVAILABLE 6.2.1 Rachis diameter [mm] At rachis mid-point 6.2.2 Rachis pubescence NOT AVAILABLE 3-Sparse 5-Intermediate 7-Dense 6.2.3 Rachis tip NOT AVAILABLE 1-Covered 2-Exposed 6.2.4 Involucre stalk length [mm] At mid-point of the rachis 6.2.5 Number of fertile spikelets per involucre Average number recorded at the middle of the spike 6.2.6 Bristle colour At dough stage. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Green (yellow-green group 147A) 2-Tan tips 3-Light red 4-Red (greyed-red group 181 A 5-Purple (purple group 79B) 6.2.7 Bristle ornamentation NOT AVAILABLE 1-Scabrous (rough) 2-Ciliate (with fine hairs) 3-Plumose (feathery) 6.2.8 Mono-aristation length NOT AVAILABLE 3-Short 5-Intermediate 7-Long 6.2.9 Poly-aristation density NOT AVAILABLE 3-Sparse 5-Intermediate 7-Dense 6.2.10 Spikelet glume colour At dough stage. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Light green (yellow-green group 146A) 2-Tips red 3-Red (greyed-red group 181 A) 4-Tips purple 5-Purple (purple group 79B) 6.2.11 Anther colour Before anther dehiscence. Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) colour codes are given in parentheses beside descriptor states 1-Green (yellow-green group 147A) 2-Cream yellow 3-Yellow (yellow group 9B) 4-Brown (brown group 200) 5-Purple (purple group 79B) 6.2.12 Stigma pigmentation At flowering 0-Absent 1-Present 6.2.13 Florets per spikelet Number and types of florets per spikelet at mid-point of the rachis (with dissection of the florets). At stigma emergence 1-One floret-perfect 2-Two florets-one perfect 3-Two florets-one perfect and one male 4-Two florets-two perfect 5-More than two perfect florets 6.3 Seed NOT AVAILABLE 6.3.1 Apex shape NOT AVAILABLE 1-Non-mucronate 2-Mucronate 6.3.2 Surface NOT AVAILABLE 1-Smooth 2-Wrinkled 6.3.3 Protein content [% DW] NOT AVAILABLE 6.3.4 Lysine content [% DW] NOT AVAILABLE 6.3.5 Methionine content [% DW] NOT AVAILABLE 6.3.6 Tryptophane content [% DW] NOT AVAILABLE 7.1 Reaction to drought NOT AVAILABLE 7.2 Reaction to salinity NOT AVAILABLE 8.1 Foliar disease NOT AVAILABLE 8.1.1 Downy mildew, (Sacc. Schroet.) Sderospora graminicola 8.1.2 Rust Puccinia penniseti Zimm 8.2 Panicle diseases NOT AVAILABLE 8.2.1 Ergot Claviceps fusiformis Lov 8.2.2 Smut Tolyposporium penicillariae Bref. 8.3 Plants NOT AVAILABLE 8.3.1 Striga asiatica (L.) O. Kuntze Striga hermonthica Benth. Witchweed 8.4 Root feeding insects NOT AVAILABLE 8.4.1 White grub Holotrichia spp. Apogonia sp. 8.4.2 Wire worm Gonocephalum spp. 8.4.3 Root aphid Stibaropus minor Fabr 8.5 Foliage and stem eating insects NOT AVAILABLE 8.5.1 Pearl millet shoot fly Atherigona approximata Malloch 8.5.2 Pearl millet stem borer Coniesta (Acigona) ignefusalis Hmps. 8.5.3 Spotted stem borer Chilo partellus Swin 8.5.4 Hairy caterpillars Amsacta sp. 8.5.5 Locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides L. 8.5.6 Grasshopper Hieroglyphus sp. Oedaleus senegalensis Kraus 8.5.7 Desert locust Schistocerea gregaria Forsk. 8.5.8 Corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch. 8.5.9 Oriental armyworm Mythimna separata Wlk. 8.5.10 African armyworm Spodoptera exempta Wlk. 8.5.11 Fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith 8.5.12 Cutworm Agrotis sp. 8.6 Panicle feeding insects NOT AVAILABLE 8.6.1 Helicoverpa armigera Hb. Cryptoblabes midiella Mill. Eublemim spp. Head caterpillars 8.6.2 Pearl millet head caterpillars Heliocheilus (Raghuva) albipunctella 8.6.3 Blister beetles Mylabris pustulata Thunb. Psallydolytta sp. 8.6.4 Pachnoda spp. NOT AVAILABLE 8.6.5 Pearl millet midge Geromyia penniseti Felt 8.6.6 Head bug Calocoris angustatus Leth. 8.6.7 Cotton stainer Dysdercus sp. 8.6.8 Thrips Haplothrips sp. Thrips sp. 8.6.9 Scarabaeid beetle Rhinyptia infuscata Burin. 8.7 Notes NOT AVAILABLE