Coconut Descriptors

3.1
Country of characterization

NOT AVAILABLE


3.2
Site (Research institute)

NOT AVAILABLE


3.2.1
Site number

NOT AVAILABLE


3.2.2
Latitude

(See format under 2.9)


3.2.3
Longitude

(See format under 2.10)


3.2.4
Name of farm or institute

NOT AVAILABLE


3.3
Evaluators name and address

NOT AVAILABLE


3.4
Evaluation environment

Environment in which characterization/preliminary evaluation was carried out 
1-Field 
2-Screenhouse 
3-Glasshouse  
4-Secondary nursery 
5-Laboratory 
6-Other (specify in the descriptor NOTES, 3.12)


3.5
Nursery

1-Base root 
2-Polybag 
3-Other (specify in the descriptor NOTES, 3.12)


3.6
Overall palm density for field [palms ha-1]

Specify if nursery environment differs significantly from that of the final planting site(s), and if so, give information on both


3.7
Cropping system

1-Monoculture 
2-Intercropping (specify the crop in the descriptor NOTES, 3.12)


3.8
Number of palm/nuts accessions in the field

NOT AVAILABLE


3.9
environmental characteristics of site

Descriptors on the Environmental characteristics of site (3.9.1 - 3.9.23) are presented in Appendix I. These are not numbered in the Appendix in this manner, but should be for this section. This has been done in order to reduce the repetition of descriptors in Sections 2, 3 and 5


3.10
Fertilizer

Specify formula [N-P-K ratio], rate [kg ha"1] and frequency of application


3.11
Plant protection

Specify pesticide by common chemical name; rate of application, type (spray, soil drench, etc.) and frequency


3.12
Notes

Any other site-specific information


4.1
Accession palm density

NOT AVAILABLE


4.2
Gross morphology

NOT AVAILABLE


4.2.1
Palm age

NOT AVAILABLE


4.2.2
Palm height [cm]

Measure from ground level to tip of tallest leaf


4.2.1.1
Date of measurement

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.2.1.2
Value for descriptor

NOT AVAILABLE


4.3
Nursery evaluation - Seednuts

NOT AVAILABLE


4.3.1
Date of harvest

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.3.2
Date set to germinate

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.3.3
Maximum amount of seed germination [%]

If seednut is used


4.3.4
Number of days to 25, 50, 75%,100% germination

Measure from date of sowing


4.3.5
Date of field establishment

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.3.6
Number of days to field establishment

NOT AVAILABLE


4.4
Nursery evaluation - Embryos/tissue culture

NOT AVAILABLE


4.4.1
Embryo germination [%]

Number of days to 25, 50, 75 maximum germination (defined as both shoot and root development)


4.4.2
Colour of seedling

Indicate chart name and colour codes

1-Green
2-Red
3-Yellow
4-Brown
5-Other (specify in the NOTES descriptor, 4.15)

4.5
Stem

NOT AVAILABLE


4.5.1
Girth at 20 cm above soil level [cm

NOT AVAILABLE


4.5.2
Girth at 1.5 m height [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.5.3
Girth below oldest green leaf [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.5.4
Stem height [cm]

Measure from ground to oldest green leaf


4.5.5
Mean distance between internodes [cm]

Measure at girth height measurement position


4.5.6
Vertical description of stem

NOT AVAILABLE

1-Erect
2-Angled
3-Bowed
4-Curved

4.5.7
Bole category

NOT AVAILABLE

0-No bole
3-Low
7-High

4.5.8
Width of leaf scar [cm|

NOT AVAILABLE


4.5.9
Height of 10 leaf scars

Measure starting from 1.5 m from ground surface


4.5.4.1
Date 1

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.5.4.2
Height 1 [cm|

NOT AVAILABLE


4.5.4.3
Date 2

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.5.4.4
Height 2 [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.6
Crown morphology

NOT AVAILABLE


4.6.1
Number of green leaves

NOT AVAILABLE


4.6.2
Overall appearance/shape of crown

NOT AVAILABLE

1-Spherical
2-Hemispherical
3-X-shaped silhouette
4-V-shaped
5-Other (specify in the NOTES descriptor, 4.15)

4.7
Leaf morphology

Measure length of leaf 14.   If this is not used, specify the leaf used


4.7.1
 Number of first split leaf

NOT AVAILABLE


4.7.2
Colour of petiole

Indicate chart name and colour codes

1-Green
2-Red
3-Yellow
4-Brown
5-Other (specify in the NOTES descriptor, 4.15)

4.7.3
Petiole length [cm]

From base to the most proximal leaflet


4.7.4
Petiole thickness [cm]

Measure at insertion of first leaflet


4.7.5
Petiole width [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.7.6
Rachis length [cm|

From the base of the petiole to the tip


4.7.7
Number of leaflets

Count on one side of the frond that has the first leaflet closest to the base


4.7.8
Leaflet length [cm]

Use 4 leaflets (2 on each side), those where rachis becomes triangular


4.7.9
Leaflet width [mm

Use leaflet measured for 4.7.8 (at maximum width)


4.7.10
Leaflet colour

Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.7.11
Leaf spiral direction

Indicate the proportion or the percentage of population (when viewed from beneath the crown

1-Left
2-Right

4.7.12
Trichome number or density

NOT AVAILABLE


4.7.13
Rate of leaf production

Number of leaves produced in one year


4.8
Inflorescence and flower morphology

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.1
Type

NOT AVAILABLE

1-Normal
2-Spicata (full or partial)
3-Androgena
4-Additional spathes or bracts
5-Other (specify in the NOTES descriptor, 4.15)

4.8.2
Stalk colour

Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.8.3
Branch colour

Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.8.4
Female flower colour

Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.8.5
Male flower colour

Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.8.6
Length of the central axis [cm]

Measure from first spike to end


4.8.7
Length of stalk [cm]

Distance between the point where the bunch is attached to the palm and the base first spike


4.8.8
Stalk girth [cm[

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.9
Number of spikelets with female flowers

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.10
Number of spikelets without female flowers

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.11
Length of longest branch [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.12
Length of spikelet [cm]

Measure on first spikelet bearing fruit


4.8.13
Number of female flowers

Can be counted from scars if flowers have been shed


4.8.14
Female flower distribution per rachilla

(0, 1, 2, or more expressed as number of female flowers: total number of spikelets)


4.8.15
Diameter of female flowers [mm]

When flowers are receptive, over the widest part of flower


4.8.16
Number of inflorescences/year

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.17
Concordance of phase

Percentage of open male flowers at the time when female flowers are receptive. Specify method used and number of observations made in one year


4.8.18
Period between emergence and opening

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.19
Length male phase [d ]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.20
Length female phase [d]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.21
Period between phases [d]

(Put (-) if phases are overlapping and (+) if non-overlapping)


4.8.22
Period between successive inflorescences [d]

(Put (-) if phases are overlapping and (+) if non-overlapping)


4.8.23
Flowering time

Measured from time of field planting on 50% of palms


4.8.23.1
Age when first spathe appears on 50% of palms

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.23.2
Age when first inflorescence opens on 50% of palms

NOT AVAILABLE


4.8.23.3
Leaf number of first inflorescence

Number of leaf, count from leaf one, in the nursery where the first inflorescence appears


4.9
Fruit

Indicate which of the following developmental stages the measurement was taken under if stage is not specified 1   Post-receptive stage (when the stigma on the female flower turns brown) 2   Full-size (the fruit stops enlarging and is full of water) 3   Mature (at least one fruit on a bunch is changing from the fresh to the dry colour with some fresh remaining, at least on the calyx) 4   Terminal (depends on whether the fruit germinates (on the palm or in the  nursery) or is converted to copra (by natural or artificial drying))


4.9.1
Fruit set

Number of fruit set per tree, average of 10 trees (per year)


4.9.2
Fruit precocity

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.3
Fruit colour

Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.9.4
Quantity of liquid endosperm [ml]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.5
Sugar content [%]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.6
Specify method of analysis used

Aromatic or other flavour


4.9.7
 Edible husk

NOT AVAILABLE

0-No
1-Yes

4.9.8
Whole fruit colour

Colour including husk. Indicate chart name and colour codes


4.9.9
Fruit appearance/shape (Longitudinal section)

NOT AVAILABLE

1-Oblong
2-Ovoid
3-Angled
4-Round

4.9.10
Fruit polar section shape

NOT AVAILABLE

1-Round 2
2-Egg-shaped
3-Pear-shaped
4-Elliptic

4.9.11
Fruit polar length [cm|

Including husk


4.9.12
Fruit polar circumference [cm]

Including husk


4.9.13
Fruit equatorial length [cm]

Including husk


4.9.14
Fruit equatorial circumference [cm]

Including husk


4.9.15
Nut (fruit without husk) appearance/shape

NOT AVAILABLE

2-Pointed
4-Ovoid
6-Almost round
8-Oblate

4.9.16
Nut polar length [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.17
Nut polar circumference [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.18
Nut equatorial length [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.19
Nut equatorial circumference [cm]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.2.1
Time between post-receptivity and maturity [d]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.9.2.2
Age at which first mature fruit is harvested [m]

NOT AVAILABLE


4.10
Fruit component analysis (FCA)

Measure 50 palms per accession over a 4 year timespan, one analysis should be performed per harvest round ensuring that 24 nuts/year/palm are measured


4.10.1
Fruit weight [g]

With husk


4.10.2
Nut weight [g]

Without husk


4.10.3
Shell and meat weight [g]

Without water


4.10.4
Meat or shell weight [g]

Specify which (either meat or shell) is measured


4.11
Endosperm

Measure on a mature fruit (12 months old). Average of 10 fruits. Measure for all except makapuno (gel-endosperm) types


4.11.1
Endosperm thickness |mm]

Measure on the nut's equator


4.11.2
Solid endosperm dry matter content |%]

Measured on a sample of at least 100 g fresh weight for each analysis. Dry at 105°C until mass is constant


4.12
Yield

Measure on each tree, every two months, during four consecutive years


4.12.1
 Date observations began

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.12.2
Date observations ended

(in the format DDMMYYYY)


4.12.3
Number of palms observed

NOT AVAILABLE


4.12.4
Number of bunches/palm/year

NOT AVAILABLE


4.12.5
Number of ripe nuts harvested /palm/year

NOT AVAILABLE


4.12.6
Number of drinking nuts harvested/palm

NOT AVAILABLE


4.12.7
Copra weight per nut [g]

Calculated as 106% on the dry endosperm mass divided by 0.94


4.12.8
Copra yield /palm/year

NOT AVAILABLE


4.13
Oil characteristics

NOT AVAILABLE


4.13.1
Dry meat oil content |%]

Based on weight of oil extracted/total dry weight of the sample x 100 (Soxhlet Method to be used)


4.13.2
Fresh meat oil content [%]

Based on weight of oil extracted/total fresh weight of the sample x 100 (Soxhlet Method to be used)


4.14
Shell thickness

Measure at five randomly selected points, or at a standardized site (i.e. equator of nut)


4.15
Notes

Any additional information, especially in the category of other under various descriptors above, may be specified here


5.1
Country

(See instructions in COUNTRY OF COLLECTION, 2.5)


5.2
Site (Research institute)

NOT AVAILABLE


5.2.1
Site number

NOT AVAILABLE


5.2.2
Latitude

(See format under 2.9)


5.2.3
Longitude

(See format under 2.10)


5.2.4
Name of farm or institute

NOT AVAILABLE


5.3
Evaluatore's name and address

NOT AVAILABLE


5.4
Evaluation environment

Environment in which characterization/preliminary evaluation was carried out 1   Field 2 Screenhouse 3  Glasshouse 4  Secondary nursery 5   Laboratory 6  Other (specify in the descriptor NOTES, 5.12)


5.5
Nursery

1   Base root 2  Polybag 3  Other (specify in the descriptor NOTES, 5.12)


5.6
Overal palm density for field [palm/ha]

Specify if nursery environment differs significantly from that of the final planting site(s), and if so, give information on both


5.7
Cropping system

1   Monoculture 2   Intercropping (specify the crop in the descriptor NOTES, 5.12)


5.8
Number of palms/nuts accessions in the field

NOT AVAILABLE


5.9
Environmental characteristics of the site

Descriptors on the Environmental characteristics of site (5.9.1 - 5.9.23) are presented in Appendix I. These are not numbered in the Appendix in this manner, but should be for this section. This has been done in order to reduce the repetition of descriptors in Sections 2, 3 and 5


5.10
Fertilizer

Specify formula [N-P-K ratio], rate [kg ha] and frequency of application


5.11
Plant protection

Specify pesticide by common chemical name; rate of application, type (spray, soil drench, etc.) and frequency


5.12
Notes

Any other site-specific information


6.1
Yield

NOT AVAILABLE


6.1.1
Litres of toddy/palm

NOT AVAILABLE


6.1.2
Amount of coir fibre or cocopeat

NOT AVAILABLE


6.1.3
Quantity of shell charcoal

NOT AVAILABLE


6.2
Protein content [%]

NOT AVAILABLE


6.3
Oil characteristics

NOT AVAILABLE


6.3.1
Oil quality

Ratio of oleiclinoleic fatty acids


6.3.2
Lauricmyristic oil ratio

Indicate method used


6.3.3
Tocopherol content

Indicate method used


6.4
Fibre characteristics

NOT AVAILABLE


6.4.1
Fibre length [mm]

Average of 20 fibres, each separated manually from husk


6.4.2
Fibre hardness

Indicate method used


6.4.3
Fibre tensile strength [kN m kg"1]

Measured as the maximum force (pull) the fibres can withstand before they break. An instrument is normally used for this purpose. State the type and name of the instrument used and alternative units, if used


6.5
Introgression designation

1  Predominantly domestic (Niu Vai) type 5 Introgressed type 9 Predominantly wild (Niu Kafa) type


7.1
Reaction to salinity

NOT AVAILABLE


7.2
Reaction to waterlogging

NOT AVAILABLE


7.3
Reaction to drought

NOT AVAILABLE


7.4
Reaction to low temperature

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5
Reaction to mineral deficiencies

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.1
Iron

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.2
Phosphorus

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.3
Potassium

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.4
Manganese

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.5
Calcium

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.6
Molybdenum

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.7
Zinc

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.8
Boron

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.9
Nitrogen

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.10
Sulphur

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.11
Magnesium

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.12
Sodium

NOT AVAILABLE


7.5.13
Chlorine

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6
Reaction to mineral toxicities

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.1
Sulphur

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.2
Aluminium

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.3
Boron

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.4
Chlorine

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.5
Copper

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.6
Fluorine

NOT AVAILABLE


7.6.7
Manganese

NOT AVAILABLE


7.7
Reaction to pH

Observe when soil pH is between 4 and 9


8.1
Fungal diseases

NOT AVAILABLE


8.1.1
Basal stem rot, root rot, or Ganoderma butt rot

Ganodenna spp. Ganoderma boninense


8.1.2
Bud rot, leaf drops, wilt, nut fall

Phytophtora palmivora


8.1.3
Premature nut fall

Phytophtora katsurae


8.1.4
Curvularia leaf spot, or leaf drop

Curvularia maculans


8.1.5
Anthracnosis, or fruit rot

Colletotrichum xloeosporioides


8.1.6
Lethal -bole rot

Marasmiellus cocophilus


8.1.7
Phomopsis leaf spot

Phomopsis cocoina


8.1.8
Bipolaris leaf blight

Bipolaris incurvata


8.1.9
Stem bleeding

Ceratocystis paradoxa


8.1.10
Leaf blight

Pestalotia palmarum Botroydiplodia theobromae


8.1.11
Lixa pequena, Verrucosis disease

Catacauma torreiidiella


8.1.12
Queima das folhas, leaf blight

Botryosphaeria sp


8.1.13
Lixa grande

Coccostroma palmicola


8.1.14
Corticium penicillatum

NOT AVAILABLE


8.1.15
Leaf spot

Helminthosporium


8.2
Viral and viroid diseases

NOT AVAILABLE


8.2.1
Foliar decay

Coconut foliar decay virus (CFDV)


8.2.2
Coconut cadang-cadang, or Yellow mottling disease

Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd)


8.2.3
Coconut tinangaja

Coconut tinangaja viroid (CTiVd)


8.2.4
Viroid-like agents

NOT AVAILABLE


8.3
Bacterial diseases

NOT AVAILABLE


8.3.1
Bacterial stripe

Bacterial stripe


8.4
Nematodes

NOT AVAILABLE


8.4.1
Red ring

Rhadinaphelerichus cocophilus


8.5
Protozoan

NOT AVAILABLE


8.5.1
Hartrot, Cedros wilt, or Marchitez

Phytomonas stabeli


8.6
Mollicutes diseases

NOT AVAILABLE


8.6.1
Blast, Lethal yellowing, Root wilt, Kerala wilt, Dry bud rot

MLOs


8.7
Arthropod pests

Taking into account that some of the species listed by various authors as coconut pests were probably species that caused some damage some years ago and that new pests are discovered and the pest status of some insects diminishes and also because they vary according to the site location, a complete list of pests would be too unwieldy. This is a more or less complete listing of coconut pests


8.7.1
Orthoptera Locusta spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.2
Troyidodacris spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.3
Sexestes decoratus Redtenbacher

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.4
Segestes spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.5
Sesestidea uniformis (Willemse)

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.6
Sexava spp

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.7
Phasmida Graeffea crovanii (Le Guillou)

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.8
Graeffea spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.9
Ophicranea spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.10
Hemiptera Ainblypelta cocoyhaxa China

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.11
Pseudotheraytus rvayi Brown

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.12
Axlijagastus canibelli Distant

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.13
Lyncus spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.14
Staphanitis tyyicus Distant

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.15
Myndus crudus van Duzee

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.16
Ceratayhis yalmae Hil Ris Lambers

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.17
Nipaeccoccus nipae (Maskell)

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.18
Eucaplymnatus tesselatus Signoret

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.19
Vinsonia stellifera Westwood

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.20
Aspidiotus destructor Signoret

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.21
Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead)

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.22
Crysomphalus spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.23
Ischnaspis longirostris Signoret

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.24
Aleurotrachelas spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.25
Promecotheca coeruleipenuis blanchard

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.26
Promecotheca spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.27
Promecotheca spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.28
Coelaenomenodera elaeidis Maulik

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.29
Brontispa spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.30
Plesispa spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.31
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliver

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.32
Rhynchophorus palmarum L.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.33
Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fabricius

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.34
Oryctes rhinoceros L.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.35
Brassolis spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.36
Nephantis serinoya Meyrick.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.37
Apoda spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.38
Setora nitens Walker

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.39
Macroplecta nararia Moore

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.40
parasa lepida Cramer

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.41
Susica spp.

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.42
Castnia daedalus Cramer

NOT AVAILABLE


8.7.43
Brachartona catoxantha Hampson

NOT AVAILABLE


8.8
Acari

NOT AVAILABLE


8.8.1
Eriophyes guerreronis (keifer)

NOT AVAILABLE


8.9
Rodents and vermin

NOT AVAILABLE


8.9.1
Rats

Ratus spp.


8.9.2
Bats

NOT AVAILABLE


8.9.3
Birds

NOT AVAILABLE


8.10
Weeds

NOT AVAILABLE


8.11
Notes

Specify here any additional information


9.1
Isozyme/polyphenol profile

NOT AVAILABLE


9.2
RFLP/DNA fingerprints

NOT AVAILABLE